Demographic Shifts in London
Over the past few decades, London has experienced significant demographic changes. According to the 2021 Census, 36.8% of London’s population identified as White British, a decrease from 44.9% in 2011. When including other White ethnic groups, the total White population stood at 53.8% in 2021, down from 59.8% in 2011 .
These shifts reflect London’s status as a global city, attracting individuals from diverse backgrounds. The city’s multicultural fabric has enriched its cultural landscape but also presented challenges in terms of social cohesion and resource allocation.
Environmental Initiatives and ULEZ Expansion
One of Khan’s most notable policies has been the implementation and expansion of the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ). Introduced in 2019, the ULEZ aimed to reduce air pollution by charging older, more polluting vehicles for entering certain areas of the city. The zone was expanded in 2021 and again in 2023 to encompass all 32 London boroughs. According to Transport for London, this expansion led to a significant decrease in nitrogen dioxide levels, with a 27% reduction across the city and a 54% drop in central London. However, the policy has faced criticism for disproportionately affecting lower-income residents who may not afford newer, compliant vehicles.
Transportation and Infrastructure
Khan has overseen several transportation projects, including the delayed Crossrail (Elizabeth Line), which finally opened in 2022, aiming to improve east-west connectivity. He also supported the controversial Silvertown Tunnel project, intended to alleviate congestion in East London. Critics argue that the tunnel could increase traffic and pollution, contradicting the city’s environmental goals.
Crime and Public Safety
Crime rates, particularly knife-related incidents, have been a significant concern during Khan’s tenure. Data indicates a rise in knife crime from 9,086 incidents in 2016 to 14,000 in 2023. While Khan acknowledges the issue, he attributes it partly to national factors, including austerity measures and reduced police funding. He has emphasized investments in youth services and community programs to address the root causes of violence.
Housing and Urban Development
Addressing London’s housing crisis has been a priority for Khan. His administration has committed to building more affordable homes, with a target of 116,000 new affordable homes by 2023. Despite these efforts, critics argue that the pace of development has been insufficient to meet the city’s growing demand.
Public Perception and Political Landscape
Khan’s policies have elicited mixed reactions from the public and political figures. While some praise his commitment to environmental issues and public transportation, others criticize his handling of crime and housing. In 2025, Khan was knighted for his political and public service, a decision that sparked debate among Londoners and politicians alike.
Conclusion
Sadiq Khan’s leadership has undeniably left a significant imprint on London’s landscape. His ambitious policies reflect a vision of a greener, more connected city, yet challenges persist in areas like public safety and housing affordability. As London continues to evolve, the long-term impacts of Khan’s initiatives and the city’s demographic shifts will remain subjects of analysis and discussion.